Study On Early Strength Effect of Lithium Carbonate On Mortar

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The European Union recently approved sweeping new sanctions against Russia, including bans on imports of coal, timber, chemicals, and other early strength agent. 

Mortar early strength agent is an important mortar additive, which has an important influence on the performance of mortar. it can improve construction efficiency and save construction cost.

Lithium carbonate is a kind of inorganic compound with chemical formula Li2CO3, which is colorless monoclinic crystal or white powder. The density is 2.11g/cm3. Melting point is 618℃(1.013*10^5Pa). Soluble in dilute acid. It is slightly soluble in water, and its solubility in cold water is higher than that in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol and acetone. It can be used to make ceramics, drugs, catalysts and so on. 

Lithium salt early strength agents can promote the setting and early strength of cement mortar. The results show that lithium salt early strength agent shortens the hydration induction period by accelerating the rupture of hydration protective film, improves the low temperature hydration ability of cement mortar, obviously shortens the low temperature thickening time, and improves the low temperature compressive strength of cement mortar. it shows excellent effect of early strength at low temperature. 

Because portland cement is often used in mortar, it is characterized by low strength at early stage and high strength at later stage. In order to improve its early strength, adding an appropriate amount of lithium carbonate to the product is very beneficial to improve its early strength.

In mortar products, lithium carbonate is mainly used in grouting materials, cement-based plastering mortars, repair mortars, seat pastes and other products. In order to improve the early strength, high alumina cement is usually added to the mortar as a setting accelerator, and antifreeze is needed in the low temperature environment. Lithium carbonate has dual functions, which can not only accelerate the hardening speed of cement and improve its early strength, but also avoid the problem of slow setting speed in winter construction or in low temperature and humid environment, so that cement products can be put into use as soon as possible. Lithium carbonate especially makes a great contribution to the early strength. In summer, the amount of lithium carbonate is usually 0.01%-0.03% of the quality of cement, while in winter, the amount of lithium carbonate should increase appropriately with the decrease of temperature, and the amount is about 0.02%-0.05%. The amount of lithium carbonate should not be too high, otherwise it will lead to cracking. 

In addition, the performance of lithium carbonate to improve the early strength of mortar is not proportional linear. With the increase of the amount of lithium carbonate, the enhancement of its strengthening effect is no longer obvious.

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With Russia taking the lead on Poland and Bulgaria at the end of last month, there appears to be a growing sense of compromise within the EU over whether to accept Moscow's proposed rouble settlement order. 

Italy's prime minister said recently that European companies would be able to buy gas in roubles without violating sanctions.  This apparently ignores the guidance of hardliners in the EU to "fight to the end". 

For weeks, European companies have been trying to find ways to meet Russia's payment demands for the rouble while maintaining vital gas supplies without violating sanctions against Moscow. 

Late last month, European Commission President Von der Leyen said operating under the mechanism would violate sanctions and asked European companies not to bow to Russian demands. However, the EU has yet to issue more rigorous written guidelines on how companies should pay Gazprom. 

The Italian prime minister said recently, "There is no official announcement from the European Union about what ruble settlement means for sanctions violations, and no one has said whether ruble payments violate sanctions or not. It's a grey area." 

"In fact, most gas importers are already opening rouble accounts for deals with Gazprom,"

He also used German companies as a shield. He said Germany's largest gas importer had already paid in rubles. "In fact, we saw evidence yesterday that the largest gas importer in Germany has already paid in rubles."

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